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A good speech is based not only on what you say but also on how you say it!

You are trying to persuade others! To be successful, you must attend to their feelings as well as their logic. To convince others that you have a solution to a specific problem or a valid point, you first, must get their attention. Then, using appropriate oral and body language, you must maintain their attention and make them want to act upon your instructions. Don’t forget: what you say and how you say it are equally important. In fact, many think the latter is actually far more important! Once you sit down, there will be many other speakers. How will you be remembered?

Speaking Techniques

Getting Attention

  1. Humour is a dangerous technique in debate, particularly when discussing serious topics.
  2. The machine-gun: use rapid-fire examples, piling up the evidence.
  3. Begin with a quotation: a short quotation, proverb, saying, poem, etc. will often sum up the situation. If you can find it from someone in your represented country, the more appropriate it will be. If you are clever, you can use this technique repeatedly.
  4. Begin with a startling statement. Make it lead directly to the problem. If you do not have a specific situation to refer to, begin with: "imagine that…."
  5. Begin with a rhetorical question, something that the audience knows the answer to. Beware of this approach. It can be a weak start.
  6. Begin with a specific example of the problem. Zero in on one concrete aspect and then build from there. In small-scale debates, you will have many more opportunities to speak. In large debates, however, you might not enjoy the same luxury.
  7. Be aware of any time limits on your speech, and give yourself time for a strong finish before the chair cuts you off.

Maintain Attention

  1. Demonstrate the extent of the problem. Use examples, statistics, and expert opinion.
  2. Demonstrate the effects of the problem. How does it affect the people? Use examples and facts.
  3. Demonstrate the causes of the problem. This might be difficult.
  4. Demonstrate how the problem affects the others. Be vivid.
  5. Present your solution or better, a joint solution from several delegates. Be clear about time, costs, people and other resources required. Try to show where similar solutions have worked.
  6. Try to use visual images as opposed to dry expressions. Paint them a picture. Demonstrate how your solution will:
    1. reduce or eliminate the cause(s) of the problem
    2. reduce or eliminate the symptoms
    3. help people
    4. result in advantages
    5. reduce costs; increase efficiency
  1. Paint the opposite terrible scenario if your plan is not adopted.
  2. Appeal for action and their motives of: fair play, desire to save, be helpful, pride, intelligence, community.
  3. At the end of your speech, return to the topic sentence and revise it. Ask for their assistance by challenging them to do something, summarizing the important points, and indicating your own intention to do something. Close with a strong appeal for action.





+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در دوشنبه چهاردهم بهمن 1387 و ساعت 22:32 |


Why Jesus is the Way to Union with God

For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach,
because we trust in the living God,

who is the Saviour of all men
,
specially of those that believe
.
1 Timothy 4:9-10

Text in Light Blue or bold Light Blue can be "clicked" for backup in scripture or detail in writings.
When you have clicked to the on-line Bible, you can change and update to see any Bible version that you prefer.

Christ's teachings are the ultimate in the way to become holy and become one with God; classic challenges to those who would be his followers are:

So likewise, whoever of you does not forsake all that he has cannot be My disciple. Luke 14:33
A
nd whosoever does not
bear his cross, and come after me, cannot be my disciple. Luke 14:27
He that finds his life shall lose it, and he that loses his life for my sake shall find it.
Matthew 10:39
For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him: If we suffer, we shall also reign with him. 2 Tim 2:11-12

Of all the guides and teachers in history, Christ stands far above in holiness and perfection. His death on the cross is the physical example that we must follow with the inward cross of self-denial to find God, to have God dwell in us, to be with God, to have union with Christ and the Father, while on earth, and to live with Him now and forever.

He has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them
you may participate in the divine nature and escape the corruption in the world caused by evil desires. 2 Peter 1:4

Scriptures regarding the divinity of Christ, and showing that before he came to earth in the flesh, Christ created the universe, in his heavenly glorious form:

God is light. God is a consuming fire. God is a spirit. In the beginning, the light, fire, and spirit called God, created the first-born (Jesus) of all the creation, so that all God's fullness could dwell in him, (Jesus) and then by him (Jesus) were all things created, that are in heaven and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together - so that in everything he might have the supremacy. He is essentially one with God and in the form of God. Yet for us there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we for Him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and through whom we live, 1 Cor 8:6. Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD.

And through him [Jesus] to reconcile to himself (God the Father) all things, whether things on earth or in heaven, by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross. Col.1:5-20.

(See Is There Hope for All Men and Women for more on his reconciliation of all things back to God the Father).

There are many, many prophecies of scriptures regarding the details of Jesus' life, made hundreds of years before his birth, and fulfilled in his lifetime. Click Here to See Them. These fulfilled prophecies not only show Christ's Divinity and Him being the promised Messiah, but also demonstrate the validity of the Bible, (despite the gross misinterpretations so prevalent in Christendom today).

Almost everyone has heard that Jesus said, 'I am the way, the truth, and the life, and no one comes to the Father except by me.' And no one can come to him in this life, unless the Father draws them; but they must come to the Father through the example, teachings, and help of Christ, including the mystical missing cross. But make no mistake, he is not a license for immorality; whatever label people claim, they must be holy to have any part of him. The sects of christendom claim in error that he came to set them free them from guilt of sin, rather than to set them free from sin by destruction of the sinful nature. You tender hearted souls, who thought he was, but still wish him to be your Lord, will find encouragement below on how he can destroy the sinful nature; for Jesus said, I tell you the truth, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. John 8:34. If you still sin, then sin is your master; and Jesus can't be your Lord, because you cannot serve two masters. Luke 16:13. Here is proof that so-called Christians who still sin, will not go to heaven.

Whoever commits sin also commits lawlessness,
and sin is lawlessness. 1 John 3:4


Not everyone who says to Me, Lord, Lord, will enter the kingdom of heaven,
but [only] he who does the will of My Father Who is in heaven.
Many will say to Me in that day, ‘Lord, Lord,
have we not prophesied in Your name,
cast out demons in Your name,
and done many wonders in Your name?
And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you;
depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness!’ Mat 7:21-23


The Son of Man will send out His angels,
and they will gather out of His kingdom all things that offend,
and those who practice lawlessness,
and will cast them into the furnace of fire.

There will be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Mat 13:41-42

Click here to jump to how to destroy the sinful nature.

Jesus was not a man of war like Mohammed and Krishna; nor was Jesus just a man like Buddha, who became enlightened, though never acknowledging God. Christ walked the earth as a man, but before and after his earthly life, he reigned in the heavens, King of the Angels, creator of all things, including the heavens and earth and all in it. Although he ruled the heavens, he stripped himself of his glory and godhood to humble and abase himself, becoming human form to dwell in a tabernacle of flesh and die on the cross; so that he could reconcile man back to the Father through love; the ultimate gift, his life, for all the errant children of his creation. But in this life on earth he seeks to reconcile as first fruits, only those followers who wish to become like him, in union with him - because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy.

John says: "In him was life, and that life was the light of men. The true light that gives light to every man coming into the world."
John 1:1-9. So the Light of all men is Christ, the Light that many meditation-based religions seek.

So, since he created us, it stands to reason that he is the one to reconcile us back to himself and to the Father. But the Father is logical. He doesn't just make a rule unless it is necessary. I can accept the rule, but I always wondered why good people from other faiths were not able to find union with God in this life. Somehow it just didn't seem fair when some of the other faiths stressed peace, love, holiness, purity, enlightenment, and less materialism than 'christians,' who used Jesus as an excuse to live in sin without repentance to purity. My question was answered with the following understandings:

First, those who live in sin without the fruit of repentance to purity, calling themselves 'Christians,' do not find unity with God or true salvation. So, he doesn't discriminate on the basis of a technicality.

Second, remember Christ is the light that enlightens all men. Remember the Spirit of God has been poured out on all mankind. Anyone who totally obeys the Light of their conscience can attain union with God. However many forms of meditation teach you to ignore all thoughts and all voices; but unless you obey the convictions and complete moral commands heard and understood, there is no spiritual progress. So, people from some other faiths can get very spiritual in meditation; like all men, they have the spirit within them chained down waiting for liberation from prison. They can become more enlightened and more spiritual than 'christians' of the various 'christian' deficit sects. Some of the other religions strive for the death of the ego, rejection of materialism, attaining inner peace, reaching enlightenment, and call for more holiness from their believers; all as necessary to please God. They find today's 'Christianity' unacceptable, because the 'christian' sects use the death of Jesus as an excuse to live in sin without guilt; the opposite of holiness and instead, an embrace of hypocrisy. As reported, when Gandhi was asked why he couldn't accept Jesus, he said, "I too will become a Christian, when I meet a Christian like Jesus."

Third, the Light in all men, which is the only teacher anyone needs, will eventually reveal its identity as Christ to the sincere individuals of other religions in their meditations. They then have the choice whether to accept him or not. Unfortunately they often decline, because of their loyalty to the teachings of their faith and because of the poor record of most 'christians' around them and throughout history. They may live a very peaceful life, but their progress stops. They cannot get to total union with God to live in the Kingdom of Heaven, unless they accept Christ - the only way to enter the spiritual dimension in this life. Rejecting Christ, they have thrown the proverbial baby out with the dirty bath water. They have rejected Christ, because of 'churchianity.'

We know people who have gone into the Light by a variety of meditation methods; one person using TM had the Light tell her that He would heal her. It was revealed to her that the Light was Christ, but that person rejected the Light to be Christ, because she had rebelled from a condemning fundamental christian sect. Rejecting the Light to be Jesus, she missed the opportunity to be healed of her sickness and the opportunity to attain union with God in his Kingdom.

So if he reveals himself to you in your meditations, this is not the Jesus of the deficit sects, who claim him as an excuse for an unholy lifestyle while condemning others living similarly, but this is Christ, the life which is the light of men. He said, I am the light of the world: he that follows me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life. I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness. Believe in the light while you have it, so that you may become sons of light.

Christ said to, "pray that you will have the strength to stand before the Son of Man." It refers to conviction. While sitting quietly waiting on the Lord, (meditation), which is necessary to attain purity, the Light shows us the evil that is in our heart. Our tendency is to deny it and to run from the light which shows us our condition. Christ is our excuse for the unholy thing we are, and our lifeline to stay or "stand," (not flee). We can't do it without him; it is too humiliating to accept without knowing that he died to be our savior and helper; he says PEACE, don't worry. He is our pass for being the way we are as we seek peace and enlightenment. Without the knowledge of a friend and savior, our meditations only go so far, because we draw back in fear of ourselves compared to God.

So, if when meditating, and you are shown something ugly about yourself by the Light, don't draw back; recognize it is the Light showing you your condition, and it is doing this to help us be rid of it and become a better person; and that Christ has died for us, so that we need not panic and draw away, but remain to focus on the Light that shows us our condition; we can claim his help by just believing in his name. And then, just when you don't expect it, strength will come; and whatever we have been shown as a defect in our heart, we will have strength to be different from then on. By loving the Light and feeling regret for what it is showing you while standing and not fleeing, you are receiving Christ, the Light. This doesn't commit you to 'churchianity' or attending one of the deficit sects' services; to the contrary, he would keep you out of them.

His good news that he was sent to the world to announce was: Repent for the Kingdom of Heaven is near; repentance being change in the light to purity; after purity, to enter paradise, the Kingdom of Heaven within and among us, our consciousness and sight translated to the spiritual dimension, living in union with Christ and God, but walking on earth by the light of God, as children of the light. For God is not far from each one of us and hopes that men would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him; for
in him we live and move and have our being. Acts 17:27-28. These writings show the way out of darkness to light. (Click for more.)

He created you. You are on the earth in the midst of evil. You were born in it. You are part of it. He doesn't blame you. He forgives you. His beloved first born Son has paid the price of all your sin. He wants you back with him. He wants to be with you. He wants to love you, and he wants you to love him. He wants to give you riches beyond your imagination, but a different kind of riches than what you know on earth. Trust him. He is the rewarder of those who diligently seek him. He asks you to please listen to his Son in the Light and keep his commands. So he can give you his peace. Follow his commands; be free from worry, doubt, fear, agitation, uncontrolled emotion, habits - all of which disturb your peace. There is peace between God and you. Accept this peace and seek Him through the Light, Jesus. Who had the joy of creating you, and now has the joy of reuniting you with the Father. The Light awaits you. See Meditation for more.

If you've arrived at this site, still curious why Jesus is necessary, I have a challenge for you. Pick up a Bible (or click) and read the book of Matthew; it won't take long. If you've been seeking, it will ring beyond true. If you like it, read the book of John next. John identifies the beauty of the promises to us, particularly John 17. All of Jesus' commands only to all and his criticisms of religious leaders are on the side bar. I believe you will find Christ's teachings so superior to anything you have read, that you will want to learn more; this happened to me. Jesus said, If anyone chooses to do God's will, he will find out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own. John 7:17

The 'christians' of today are not examples of his teachings. The different deficit sects fight over the interpretation of the recorded words of the saints, (the interpretations of the Bible), without seeking the same Spirit that spoke the words; as He told me,"they fight over the husks, without ever discovering the corn."

Instead look through the rest of this site, including Coming out of the World, Meditation, and Christian Freedom; and read the main attraction on this site, the Letters and Journal of George Fox, the original Quaker, who in the 17th century England led tens of thousands to holiness and oneness with God; this people exhibited their moral ethnicity while they testified against all the "deficit sects" of christiandom as Godless. And they were reviled and persecuted for it; just as Jesus predicted would happen to his true followers! They also showed a remarkable love and their ministry exhibited power. Christ came so we could be one, with Him and the Father, on the earth in this life; so we could enjoy the Kingdom of Heaven here and now, after we go to him for his purification.

See Meditations for details on the lost way to union with God.

For those 'Christians' who want rid themselves of their sinful nature:

Your selfish nature must be crucified on on the inward cross of self-denial before we can be ruled by the Lord God. Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the sinful nature with its passions and desires. Gal 5:24. Without having mortified the deeds and habits of the flesh, you have no part of Him; for without holiness, none shall see God. Hebrews 12:14. You were sold the false grace which says do nothing, just continue to live in your sinful nature; yet Jesus said: But why do you call Me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and not do [practice, obey] the things which I say? Luke 6:46. You have been cheated of true peace and from knowing that you could live in the Kingdom of Heaven within you, while on earth, which does not come with outward signs and visible display; he has already returned to thousands of believers who produced the fruit of repentance, who purified themselves to get ready for him.

And unto them that look for him, shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation. Heb 9:28

When he appears, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.
Everyone who has this hope in him purifies himself, just as he is pure.
1 John 3:2-3

For the pure in heart see God; the pure in heart experience the appearance of Christ, his return.

Jesus said: Not everyone who says to Me, Lord, Lord, will enter the kingdom of heaven, but [only] he who does the will of My Father Who is in heaven. Many will say to Me in that day, ‘Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in Your name, cast out demons in Your name, and done many wonders in Your name? And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness!’ Mat 7:21-23. Obviously they called him Lord, and they had enough faith that he was the son of God to perform wonderful miracles in his name; but that was not enough - they practiced lawlessness, thinking there was no need to obey him! Jesus is saying that they have not made them their Lord in practice, who controls their lives in their actions and words; he doesn't know them to be his subjects as their ruling Lord. They say Jesus is Lord with their lips, but keep him far removed from their hearts to really be their Lord and King.

Jesus said: Not everyone who calls me Lord will enter heaven, but only those who do the will of my Father.
And how do you do the will of the Father? Then there came a voice out of the cloud, saying,
"This is My Son, My Chosen One or My Beloved; listen to and yield to and obey Him!” Luk 9:35

You must go to him, listen to him, hear him, and obey him - repeatedly.
Doing this will result in him cleansing you, making you fit to be in his presence, making him your ruling Lord in words and actions.
He [Jesus] became the Author and Source of eternal salvation to all those who give heed and obey Him. Heb 5:9

To make him Lord, he has to first cleanse us of our sinful nature that makes us unruly, incapable of being subject to a Lord or King. Until he cleanses us, we are a slave to sin, incapable of being subject to a Lord or King. Jesus himself said, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. John 8:34. So we have to seek him to purify us by destroying our selfish, unruly, sinful nature; we have to sit quietly so that he, the Light and the Word, can teach us about himself and search our heart to show us our conditions; lead us to repent, and then cleanse us to be governable so he can truly rule us as our King and Lord. My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me. John 10:27

Jesus came so he could destroy the the works of the devil in us - if we go to him.
For this purpose the Son of God was manifested,
[in us] that he might destroy the works [sin] of the devil. 1 John 3:8

Jesus said: If I do not wash you, you have no part with Me. John 13:8 (This is not the ritual water baptism.)

If any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.
Rev 3:20. Sitting quietly while thinking on his name is how we learn from Him, get cleansed by Him, be led by Him, and come to know Him. Hearing his voice is not reading the Bible, it is hearing his voice. To hear someone, we have to listen; to listen we have to stop talking, reading, and racing our mind.

For everyone who comes to Me and listens to My words and does [practices] them, ...
He is like a man building a house, who dug deep and laid a foundation upon the rock; securely..
Luke 6:47-48

He is extraordinarily patient toward you, not desiring that any should perish, but that all should turn to repentance. 2 Peter 3:9

Do not fear, you can experience the joy of real fellowship with Christ. I am not recruiting for any sect. I seek no followers; you have no need of any teacher but the anointing which you have received from Him abides in you, and you do not need that anyone teach you; but as the same anointing teaches you concerning all things, 1 John 2:27; Christ in you, the hope of glory. I do not want your money. Everything on this site is free. Nothing is for sale. I only want you to know the freedom from the distress of sin. I want you to know that you can be so filled with love, that you go through the rest of you life obsessed with loving others and loving God. You can be full of everlasting joy and peace. You can have fellowship with the Father and the Son. You can become pure in heart and see God. You can have the Kingdom of God and the glorious Christ established in your heart. Go and readn John 14 and John 17, to understand the true promises of God. But, you must pick up you cross daily and crucify your flesh's affections and lusts to be with God. Be of good courage and have faith, for compared to his cross, your burden is light and easy. The cross simply is to go to him, think on his name, listen, and obey. He said, "Take my yoke upon you and learn from me." This is how you learn from him, (you will be taught, shown your condition, and you will receive personalized commands from Him to you):

This is the Inward Cross of Self-Denial

If any will come after me, let him deny himself,
and take up his cross daily, and follow me.
Luke 9:23

Jesus said: except you repent, you shall all likewise perish. Luke 13:3,5

Those who belong to Christ Jesus
have crucified the sinful nature with its passions and desires
.
Gal 5:24


See How to Benefit from the Changing Power of God for more detail.

He wants us to come to him so we can be taught and he can show us our condition; and by us repenting and obeying his commands, he purifies us until he and the Father come to establish their Kingdom in our hearts and translate us to paradise, all by grace; a grace that teaches us to live godly and righteously in this present world. Contrasted with the deficit sects' false, instant grace, Paul describes the true grace in letter to Titus stated below:

For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men,
teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts,
we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world,
looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing
of the great
God and our Savior Jesus Christ;
who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity,
and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works.
Titus 2:11-4

(This is not instant grace; this is a teaching grace, a purifying grace; in this world. This takes time. You must be quiet to listen to be taught by grace, resulting in the appearance of God and Christ and leading you to good works.)

See True Grace vs. False Grace for more.
If you think believing or baptism is all you need, see The Fallacy of John 3:16 Taken out of Context, and the The Missing Cross.
See How to Benefit from the Changing Power of God for how to get started listening.

You might be asking, how could this be true? Everyone believes that there is nothing I have to do but believe in Jesus, and maybe get baptized in water. The answer is in the Bible; countless examples in the history of Israel where they forgot the requirements of righteousness and became comfortable in their flesh. In cycles, a prophet would arise, point out their universal error, and then get persecuted or killed; then the people were punished, they repented and lived correctly until they again drifted back into a false religion. The same thing happened in the early church; Jude wrote in 1:4, For certain men whose condemnation was written about long ago have secretly slipped in among you. They are godless men, who change the grace of our God into a license for immorality. All the deficit sects of today are simply variations on the doctrines established by the Roman emperor, and of course saint, Constantine in 325 AD regarding salvation and Christianity; the doctrines were further standardized by later Roman emperors, including the sainted despot, Justinian. Within sixty-five years the true church, with its correct doctrines, was stamped out by the deceptive lure of their doctrine of instant, ritualized salvation, coupled with the Roman Empire's crushing boot of persecution for any deviation from their authorized, state religion. As predicted in the Bible's Book of Revelation, the church had adulterated with the Kings of the earth. For 1260 years the true church was banished to the wilderness, to appear again in 1650 with the breakthrough of the early Quakers - only to die again by 1880 due to the deception of presumptive salvation. People are eager to embrace the broad, easy way.

Even Adolph Hitler said Jesus was his Lord and Savior; but you saying so, doesn't make him your Lord in control of your words and deeds.


Read George Fox's Journal, and you will know for sure; just as they were surrounded by godless deficit sects, so are we today in an age of universal apostasy: false prophets, wolves in sheep's clothing, blind guides, minster's asking for your money, countless thousands of blind ministers taught by colleges instead of Christ, millions of blind followers in the ditch, still subject to rage, lusts, anger, greed, envy, emotions; with no purity, no peace, false hope, false gospels, false salvation, the missing cross, and no one entering the Kingdom. In response to a question, would many be saved? Christ said, "Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leads to destruction, and many will go in there: Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leads unto life, and few will find it." Paul said, "work out your own salvation with fear and trembling (quaking)." So salvation is not as easy as you have been led to believe. You have been misled. It is easy to go with the herd; but beware, for Paul said, They that are in the flesh cannot please God. See the Missing Cross for more.

Christ is eager to help you enter by the narrow gate and for you to receive his Kingdom; but you must go to him. To learn to live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world. You must go to Him for the purpose of loosing your fleshly life to gain your spiritual Life; to attain purity through his grace and your faith in the power of the true gospel, the power of the cross, and the power of his name, Jesus Christ; all the power of God. Remember, all things work together for good for those who love God, to them who are called according his purpose. You have nothing to worry about. Even the things you did wrong in your life, worked to bring you to God, to be reunited with Him, to learn to love, to learn of God's love for you, to love God, to be loved by God, to become a son of love, to become love too. If you love Him, you will seek Him by going to him and getting quiet to hear his very soft voice. "Be still and know that I am God." Psalm 46:10

To enter the Kingdom of Heaven, you have to be purified. You can be purified on earth by grace through repentance, or you can be purified in the next life, through Hell to a much lower Heaven. Everyone will be purified eventually and receive right standing with God to live in Heaven; but purification in the next life is far harder and the subsequent life is far less. See Is There Hope for ALL Men and Women for more information. For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach because we trust in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, specially of those that believe. 1 Timothy 4:9-10

See the Home Page and How to Benefit from the Changing Power of God for more.

This web site's purpose is to show how to become
free from sin
by benefiting from the changing power of God through the cross,

+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در دوشنبه چهاردهم بهمن 1387 و ساعت 22:30 |

Child Labor

David Cody, Associate Professor of English, Hartwick College

[Home —> Political History —> Social History —> Economics]

Child "hurriers" working in mines. From official report of the parliamentary commision.

That the shameful practice of child labor should have played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset is not to be wondered at. The displaced working classes, from the seventeenth century on, took it for granted that a family would not be able to support itself if the children were not employed. In Defoe's day he thought it admirable that in the vicinity of Halifax scarcely anybody above the age of 4 was idle. The children of the poor were forced by economic conditions to work, as Dickens, with his family in debtor's prison, worked at age 12 in the Blacking Factory. In 1840 perhaps only twenty percent of the children of London had any schooling, a number which had risen by 1860, when perhaps half of the children between 5 and 15 were in some sort of school, if only a day school (of the sort in which Dickens's Pip finds himself in Great Expectations) or a Sunday school; the others were working. Many of the more fortunate found employment as apprentices to respectable trades (in the building trade workers put in 64 hours a week in summer and 52 in winter) or as general servants — there were over 120,000 domestic servants in London alone at mid-century, who worked 80 hour weeks for one halfpence per hour — but many more were not so lucky. Most prostitutes (and there were thousands in London alone) were between 15 and 22 years of age.

Many children worked 16 hour days under atrocious conditions, as their elders did. Ineffective parliamentary acts to regulate the work of workhouse children in factories and cotton mills to 12 hours per day had been passed as early as 1802 and 1819. After radical agitation, notably in 1831, when "Short Time Committees" organized largely by Evangelicals began to demand a ten hour day, a royal commission established by the Whig government recommended in 1833 that children aged 11-18 be permitted to work a maximum of twelve hours per day; children 9-11 were allowed to work 8 hour days; and children under 9 were no longer permitted to work at all (children as young as 3 had been put to work previously). This act applied only to the textile industry, where children were put to work at the age of 5, and not to a host of other industries and occupations. Iron and coal mines (where children, again, both boys and girls, began work at age 5, and generally died before they were 25), gas works, shipyards, construction, match factories, nail factories, and the business of chimney sweeping, for example (which Blake would use as an emblem of the destruction of the innocent), where the exploitation of child labor was more extensive, was to be enforced in all of England by a total of four inspectors. After further radical agitation, another act in 1847 limited both adults and children to ten hours of work daily.

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+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در دوشنبه چهاردهم بهمن 1387 و ساعت 22:15 |
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February: Black History Month

February is Black History Month. Whatever the color of your family's skin, it's a chance to celebrate the diversity of our American culture.

Learn about various activities and events occuring near you!

We want to know what you think. Does your family celebrate Black History Month? If so, how?

The remarkable musical achievements of African Americans have strongly and clearly shaped the sound of American music. This article summarizes eight top books for children and teens on inspiring African American musical artists.

Black History Month provides a great opportunity to teach your child about new cultures and ways of life. This article introduces clear guidelines for selecting a book with a multicultural them for your child.

 

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+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در دوشنبه چهاردهم بهمن 1387 و ساعت 22:3 |

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  • InteliHealth

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    www.intelihealth.com

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    Features current news plus archives, guides by subject, "Ask a Doctor" inquiry feature, a searchable conditions database, message board, and e-mail newsletter subscription.

    www.bbc.co.uk

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    www.webmd.com

  • Judge: Web Sites for Health

    Provides evidence-based guidelines to assist consumers and site creators in assessing the quality of health information on the internet. Free copies can be downloaded for printing.

    www.judgehealth.org.uk

  • AOL Health

    Find health advice, information about diseases, diet tips, calorie and body mass calculators, chats and message boards.

    health.aol.com

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+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در دوشنبه چهاردهم بهمن 1387 و ساعت 21:51 |
سلام عرض می کنم خدمت دوستان خوب وعزیز

وبلاگی که پیش روی شماست کاری از گروه علمی دبیرستان دخترانه رسالت دراستان قزوین است ومربوط به مباحث زبان خارجه می باشد .

درابتدای کارجهت شروع خوشحال می شویم از نظرات سازنده وعلمی شما عزیزان بزرگواربهره مندشویم 

 

تابعد...

+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در یکشنبه بیست و چهارم آذر 1387 و ساعت 17:54 |

І fill in the blanks with the words given. There is one extra word.

 

trap, relationship , proud, crust , forecast , core , main

 

1. I wasn’t listening. Can you tell me the……….points of her presentation?

2. If you are stronger and able to do things better, you feel ……… about yourself.

3. The weather organization …………… strong storms for some areas today.

4. Our new teacher has a positive and warm …………….with students.

5. Greenhouse gases like methane and CO2 ………. heat in the atmosphere.

6. The hard and thin layer on the outside of the Earth is called the……

                       B. Match the definitions in column A with the words in column B.

                     A                                                                          B

                                                                                   

7. find the place of something                                                 a. confidence

8. give all your attention to  something                                   b. locate

9. able to change without breaking                                          c. concentrate

10. a particular area or part in a country or the  world           d.   smoothly                                                                     

11. without any sudden movements or changes                      e. region

12. a belief in your own ability                                                f. entirely

                                                                                                  g.flexible

                                                    

    C. Choose the correct choice.

13. Bad posture and too much body movement can be …………... to your listeners.

d. distracting

c. tapping

b. raising

a. choosing

14. When you exercise, your body can …………….endorphins.

d. release

c. store

b. protect

a. stretch

15. Some animals and plants are in danger of …………because of global warming.

d. addition

c. prediction

b. information

a. extinction

 

D. Fill in the blank with a suitable word of your own.

16. It's a part of your body where two bones meet.It´s the ……………

П. Grammar

    A. Choose the best choice.

17. Ali was …………..embarrassed to make a decision.

d. enough

c. too

b. very

a. so

18. The cars ……….. a lot of noise pollution must be stopped by the police.

d. making

c. made

b. which making

a. make

19. She cried ……..she was watching a sad film on TV.

d. so

c. since

b. when

a. as

20. He has let his son ……..his bike to school.

d. riding

c. rode

b. ride

a. to ride

21. Exercising is an excellent way to feel happy, ……..you do it alone or with a group.

d. because

c. al though

b. that

a. whether

D. Fill in the blank with a suitable word of your own.

    B. Choose the right words from the parentheses and combine the following sentences.

22. The earthquake was destructive. It destroyed a lot of cities.( so/ such)

 

23. Your heart can't lift weights to get stronger. You should do regular  aerobic    exercise.(when /since )

    C. Put the words in parenthesis in correct order to make meaningful sentence.

24. Some people are not ……………………   (immediate action, during, enough, take, to, emergencies, fast).     

 D. Rewrite the following sentence to make an adjective phrase.

25. The boys who were injured in the accident were students

   E. Write the correct forms of the verbs in the parentheses.

26. They made us …….. calm in the class .(stay )

27. You can improve your speaking ability by ……….hard. ( practice )

Ш. Sentence function

      Match the items in column A with the right phrases in column B to make 

meaningful sentences.

                       A                                                                      B

                                                                        

28. When you use the sense of humor,                  a. it keeps you at a healthy weight.

29. ″Climate" means                                                b. you make your speech interesting.

30. Exercise is useful because                                 c. the general weather of a place over

31. After an earthquake,                                        a period of time.                                                                                                           d. provide first aid .                                                                                                       e. fix heavy things strongly to the                                                                                walls

                     IV. Comprehension

A.    Cloze passage. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list below.     

 

         rattle, experience, occur, damage, planet, procedure, instruments

Earthquakes happen every day. Though millions of people may never …32…. an earthquake, it is a very common happening on this …33……. . So today,   somewhere, an earthquake will …34….. .It may be so light that only special ……35……. can record its movement; it may shake houses, ....36…… windows, and change the place of small things. It may be strong enough to cause …37…., injury and death

 B. Sentence comprehension. Read the following sentences and choose the best

                                                                                                                   . Choice  

38. You need calories for all of your body's functions, whether it is things you think about doing, like brushing your teeth, or things you never think about doing, like breathing. But if the body isn't able to use all the calories that are coming from food, it stores them as fat. The above sentences mean that …………………………..

a. "fat" is the stored form of calories which are not used 

b. only things that you think about doing need calories

c. in breathing, you use no calories

d. when you brush your teeth, you don't use any energy

 

39. A warmer Earth may have results such as changes in rainfall patterns, a rise in sea levels and different effects on plants, wildlife and humans. When scientists talk about climate change, they are concerned about global warming caused by human activities.

 

                  a. Human activities can make the Earth warmer.     

True     False

 

                 b. Global warming has no dangerous effects on plants.

True     False

C. Read following article and match each paragraph with one of the

headings.  There is one extra heading.

A.   Involve your audience.

B.   Know your audience.

C.   Speak slowly and clearly during your speech.

D.   Plan for your speech.

E.    Spend time on your speech. 

 

40…… If you are giving a speech, you should do some simple things. First of all, it is important to plan. So, find everything you can about your subject.

41…….Second, find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Why are they coming to hear your speech?

42…….Third, collect as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend a lot of time organizing your materials and practicing your speech.

43…….Fourth, when you are making your speech, speak slowly and clearly and look at audience. Use simple words in your speech.

 

                                                                                                                

D. Reading comprehension. Passage (1)

Read the following passage and answer the questions as required.

 

Our environment is in trouble. People and factories are polluting the air, rivers, and seas. You may think there's nothing you can do to help. That's not true. In fact, there are many things you can do to help the environment. Here is a few.Try to use public transportation, not your personal cars. You can use less electricity and fuels, too. The problem is that a lot of water is polluted to produce electricity. Also recycle whenever possible. Recycling an aluminum can saves enough energy to run a TV for three hours. If you notice these points today, you may have a better life tomorrow.

 

44.The best title for this passage is :

a. How to help the environment.                    c. Public transportation is weak.

b. Factories are in danger.                              d. Recycling is impossible.

45. Which of the following is not mentioned by the writer in the passage?

a. Using public transportation.                       c. Recycling if possible.

b. Saving electricity.                                      d. Reading about environment. 

46………………….saves enough power to run a TV for 3 hours.

a. Using personal cars                                    c. Using less fuels

b. Recycling an aluminum can                      d. helping the environment

 

47. We need water to produce electricity.

        a. True                                   b. False

                                                      

Passage (2)

Read the following passage and choose True or False.

 

          Many people's favorite hobby is sport. They spend much of their free time playing team games like football or handball, games for two or four people, like tennis, or golf or practicing an individual sport like running or swimming. People usually practice a sport for two reasons: first, they enjoy it and; second, they feel a need to keep fit.

          But sport is not just for athletes; it's for viewers, too. Millions of people all over the world spend hours every week watching sports events on television, or stadiums. In fact, interest in sport is so great that professional tennis players, football players, boxers, etc. can get very large sum of money just for being excellent at their sport. People enjoy being "fans" or supporters of one team or one special personality. And many professionals are now as popular and famous as the greatest film stars.

 

48. The only reason for practicing a sport is that people enjoy it.

a. True                                      b. False

 

49. According to the passage, fans are persons who support someone or some team.

a. True                                      b. False

 

50. Football is an individual sport.

a. True                                      b. False

 

51. Viewers also enjoy sports through watching sports events.

 a. True                                      b. False

 

52. People watch sports events just on television.

a. True                                      b. False

 

53. Film stars are more famous than professionals.

a. True                                      b. False

 

 

 

 

+ نوشته شده توسط دانش آموزان در یکشنبه بیست و چهارم آذر 1387 و ساعت 15:5 |